Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12, an essential water-soluble vitamin vital for red blood cell production, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. It acts as a coenzyme in important metabolic processes, including the conversion of homocysteine to methionine and the formation of succinyl-CoA, supporting nerve health and blood formation. Historically, vitamin B12 was discovered in the 1940s during research on pernicious anemia, and cyanocobalamin was later developed as a stable synthetic form suitable for oral, intramuscular, or intravenous use. Its stability and effectiveness have made it a standard treatment for B12 deficiency, preventing anemia and neurological disorders, and it remains widely used in clinical medicine and nutritional supplementation worldwide.