Propofol is a fast-acting intravenous anesthetic commonly employed for initiating and maintaining general anesthesia, as well as for providing sedation in critical care environments. It was first introduced in the late 1970s and rapidly gained popularity due to its rapid onset, short duration of action, and relatively smooth recovery profile. Propofol works by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, leading to sedation and hypnosis. It is favored in clinical practice for its predictable pharmacokinetics, minimal postoperative nausea, and ability to provide easily controllable sedation levels. Additionally, propofol is used for procedural sedation and as part of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) protocols. Despite its benefits, careful monitoring is required due to risks of hypotension, respiratory depression, and, rarely, propofol infusion syndrome.
